Artificial Intelligence Programming Practice Exam

What does Deductive Reasoning involve?

1. Reaching conclusions through experimentation

2. Generalizing from specific cases

3. Using true premises for certain conclusions

4. Making probabilistic assumptions

The correct answer is: Using true premises for certain conclusions

Deductive reasoning involves drawing certain conclusions based on established premises that are known or assumed to be true. In this process, if the premises are valid and true, the conclusion that follows must also be true. This form of reasoning is often seen in mathematical proofs and logical arguments where the structure guarantees the outcome based on the initial statements. For example, if we start with the premises that "All humans are mortal" and "Socrates is a human," we can deduce with certainty that "Socrates is mortal." The strength of deductive reasoning lies in this guarantee that true premises lead to a valid conclusion. This differs from other reasoning types where conclusions may not necessarily follow from the premises with complete certainty. The other options represent different reasoning processes that do not guarantee certainty in the conclusion. Experimental reasoning involves reaching conclusions based on empirical data, which can sometimes lead to uncertain results. Generalization from specific cases, while a common method in inductive reasoning, doesn't ensure the conclusion is universally applicable. Lastly, making probabilistic assumptions relates to making inferences based on likelihood rather than certainties. Thus, the nature of deductive reasoning fundamentally relies on established truths leading to undeniable conclusions.